Precautions in Drug Testing:

These are some of the safety measures used in drug testing to prevent harm or secure good to the results:

 Do not use expired kit.

 Follow the direction in the kit properly.

 Specimen may be contagious. Proper collection, handling and disposal should be done in a biohazard container.

 Gloves must be worn during the collection and processing of the specimen to avoid contamination that can interfere with the test.

 Correct timing must be observed to know if the reaction has been completed or not.

Are you in favor of Drug Testing before admission in school?

Yes, I am certainly in favor of drug testing especially before admission in school.

The two most common drugs that are being tested here in the Philippines are delta-9 tetrahydrocanabinol (which is commonly known as Marijuana) and Methamphetamine (which is commonly known as Shabu). These two chemicals can alter the normal function of the brain, heart and other organs as well.

Drug testing before admission in school can help avoid the use, possession, solicitation, and trade of illegal drugs inside the school. Provides safety for other students, helps maintain their academic performance and protects the reputation of the school. It can also be of great help for those parents who are too busy to monitor their children.

DYSMENORRHEA


Abdominal pain, lower back pain, weakness and fatigue- these are all the things that I endure during my menstrual period.

So I’ve decided to consult an OBSTETRICIAN to know the underlying cause of my dysmenorrhea.


GOODLUCK WITH YOUR INTERNAL EXAMINATION

After the examination, the doctor told me that there are two types of dysmenorrhea- the primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA is a severe cramp without an underlying illness, whereas SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA is cramps caused by other medical problems such as endometriosis.

And since my OB can not determine what causes my painful menstruation, her diagnosis was primary dysmenorrhea.

She recommended that I have to take PILLS (oral contraceptives) to help me regulate my menstrual cycle, reduce premenstrual tension and help me relief from pain and excessive bleeding.

DOSAGE:

1 tablet daily, beginning on the first day of menstrual bleeding. Start the tablet corresponding to the day of the week. Take one tablet at about the same time everyday, preferably at the time of the evening meal. Take one tablet a day without interruption for 21 days, or as directed by a healthcare provider.

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

May experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, chloasma (melasma) and other skin or hair changes, headache, water retention, slight weight change, breast tenderness, and changes in libido.


references:

http://familydoctor.co.uk/media/upload/image/hysterectomy/hysterectomy-9.jpg
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/795677-overview

Total T4 (TT4)

There are two forms of thyroid hormones: the bound T4 (bound to Total Binding Globulin (TBG) and the free T4 (active form of thyroid hormone, present in small amounts). TT4 measures both the bound and free forms.

T3 Uptake

This measures the unbound thyroxine binding globulin (unsaturated with thyroid hormone). When TBG is increased, T3 uptake is decreased, and vice versa.

Free Thyroxine Index (FTI)

The FTI is obtained by multiplying the (Total T4) times (T3 Uptake) to obtain an index. The FTI is considered a more reliable indicator of thyroid status in the presence of abnormalities in plasma protein binding.


References:
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/thyroid-hormone-tests
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/medther/tayendoweb/images/thyroid_function_tests.htm
http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/t3/test.html

THYROID HORMONE

Few years ago, my father was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. At first, he thinks that he was having problem with his heart because he was feeling fast and irregular heartbeat. Days passed by, my father was feeling difficulty of breathing even if he was at rest and sweat a lot and most of the time he was having loose bowel movement. This wasn’t concerned him a lot because he thinks that this was because he was tired from work and these were just normal signs of aging. As the symptoms got severe, my father sought consultation to the doctor. He was order to have blood chemistry and the results showed that my father has an increase in thyroxin (T4) and triiodothronine (T3).

Thyroid hormones function as the controller of the processes in the body. This process are called metabolism. In my father’s condition, all the bodily processes are speed up because of the overproduction of thyroid hormone.

assignment 01

Endocrinology- is the study of the endocrine system, their specific secretions (hormones) and the disorders related with it.

Toxicology- is the adverse effects of chemicals on the body.
-It is the study of the effects, treatment and detection of poison on the body.

Drug Testing- is the process of detecting the presence or absence of drugs on the body using biological specimens like urine, hair, blood, sweat, or saliva.